This mosaic is not just a response to exposure or edaphic factors but is also strongly influenced by fire disturbance.
2.
The vegetation is dry deciduous scrub type, with most of it being stunted due to harsh climatic and edaphic factors.
3.
Indirect methods include estimations based on relationships among dominant species, lesser vegetation characteristics or site indicators, as well as topographic, climatic, and edaphic factors.
4.
The root system of white spruce is highly variable and adaptable ( Wagg 1964, 1967 ), responding to a variety of edaphic factors, especially soil moisture, soil fertility, and mechanical impedance.
5.
The texture, porosity and depth of the substrate, those which in a natural ecosystem are edaphic factors, have been tested to the point of finding fitogenerate materials which present perfect levels of absorption and humidity for the development of more than forty living families of plants represented by around 120 species.
6.
The positive impacts of SOM result from a number of complex, interactive edaphic factors; a non-exhaustive list of SOM's effects on soil functioning includes improvements related to soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention of pollutants, buffering capacity, and the mineralization.
7.
At middle elevations between, Oriental Beech is the dominant tree species in this cloudy zone in pure and mixed stands with other noble hardwoods such as Chestnut-leaved Oak, Caucasian Oak ( " Quercus macranthera " ), European Hornbeam ( " Carpinus betulus " ), Oriental Hornbeam ( " aspect and edaphic factors, such as soil moisture and depth, are all of importance in determining the composition of the vegetation, which leads to the establishment of different beech subcommunities . ( Mosadegh, 2000; Marvie Mohadjer, 2007)
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